Stefan Helander

Err 310 ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS in Chrome and Firefox using Apache’s mod_rewrite

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I used Apache’s mod_rewrite in order to direct a couple of domains pointing to the same website using the 301 moved permanently (to avoid duplicate content), i.e. something like this in .htaccess: 

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^example\.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [R=301,L]

I randomly got the error message 310 ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS when trying the different domains in both Chrome and Firefox (other browsers seemd to work). I had decided my site should be reached without "www", so http://www.example.com was redirected to http://example.com also. 

After a while of head scratching I found a couple of forgotten DNS entries. Two of them where outdated. My domain setup for example.com in DNS looked like this (sample IP-addresses): 

example.com zone:

@  IN  A  192.168.100.1
@  IN  A  192.168.100.2
@  IN  A  192.168.100.3

www  IN  A  192.168.100.1

But only 192.168.100.1 was valid and had a running web server on it.

I guess what happens is when Chrome/Firefox tries to talk to 192.168.100.2 or .3 and get no response, they add "www" in front of the domain name, i.e. http://www.example.com. Now it got a response from the webserver saying 301 redirect to http://example.com. Now trying to talk to example.com on 192.168.100.2 or .3 no response, adding "www" and there we have our loop.

Fixing the DNS entries (removed the invalid 192.168.100.2 and .3) fixed the problem. A bit odd and hard to find, and most of all stupid to have the outdated records still in the zone. 

 

Stefan Helander

Internal Server Error 500 when trying to install JCE 2.2.6 in Joomla 2.5

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When trying to install the JCE content editor for Joomla version 2.2.6 in Joomla 2.5 it failed with HTTP Error 500 Internal Server Error. Directory permissions was not a problem and there was no problem installing other extensions. 

Solution: 

  1. Download the JCE 2.2.6 zip archive to your computer.
  2. Unzip it to a local folder, called for example "jce"
  3. Upload the folder to your Joomla! tmp directory
  4. In the Joomla! backend, go to Extensions -> Manage extensions and go to the box for installation from a folder on the server.
  5. Enter the path where the uploaded folder containing JCE is uploaded, i.e. probably something like /var/www/mysitename/web/tmp/jce and click install.

 

 

Stefan Helander

Remove or add www to URL using Apache mod_rewrite

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To avoid a website being considered as "duplicate content" by Google (i.e. the same website appearing under different URLs) it is a good idea to make sure the website doesnt appear as both http://www.example.com and http://example.com. This can be achieved by using the mod_rewrite in Apache using the .htaccess file.

To remove "www" from the URL, i.e. the website’s URL should be http://example.com, your .htaccess should look like this: 

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^example\.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [R=301,L]

If you instead want to make sure "www" is added, i.e. the website’s URL should be http://www.example.com, your .htaccess should look like this: 

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.example\.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [R=301,L]

 

Stefan Helander

postfix only listens on localhost (127.0.0.1)

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On a newly installed VPS (Parallells Virtuozzo) running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS I also installed postfix as my MTA. However, it turned out that it only listened on localhost. I checked that "inet_interfaces = all" in main.cf and that my /etc/hosts was up to date with my server’s hostname. The reason was that the machine had sendmail preinstalled and running.

A netstat -an gives: 

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN

To the solution to this is: 

sudo /etc/init.d/sendmail stop
sudo update-rc.d -f sendmail remove
sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart

Now netstat -anp show that postfix listens to all interfaces: 

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 691/master

 

Stefan Helander

Avoiding a SSH client connection to timeout

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If you’re behind a firewall you sometimes run into a problem where the SSH client connection times out after a period of time (typically when going out for lunch leaving your SSH sessions logged in). The easiest way to solve this is by changing the configuration of the SSH client (it can also be fixed through the server config but since the problem often relates to the firewall protecting the client it is a better solution to fix this in the client). 

Just edit the file ./ssh/config and add the lines: 

Host *
ServerAliveInterval 30

The above assumes the firewall drops inactive connections at an interval > 30 seconds. 

 

Stefan Helander

How to make a floppy file image and mounting it in Linux

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To make a file image of a floppy disk in Linux (like Ubuntu), you need (of course) a computer with a floppy drive (/dev/fd0). Insert the floppy you want to copy to an image file and issue the command:

$ sudo dd bs=512 count=2880 if=/dev/fd0 of=floppy.img 

Block size (bs) and count above is for a 1,44 MB 3.5" floppy disk.

The image file can be copied back to another floppy disk with the command: 

$ sudo dd bs=512 count=2880 if=floppy.img of=/dev/fd0

The image file can also be mounted directly from the image file without the need of a physical floppy disk: 

$ sudo mkdir /media/fd
$ sudo mount -o loop floppy.img /media/fd/

I use the above method to move the content from a number of floppy disks to my hard drives. Computers today are rarely seen with a floppy drive and I wanted to secure the content before it is too late 🙂 

 

Stefan Helander

HP Compaq 6910p builtin 3G modem driver for Ubuntu

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From Ubuntu 11.04 and onward there is no need for a driver to use the builtin 3G (WWAN) modem in the HP Compaq 6910p laptop computer. But by default the modem is soft blocked even though the radio lamp is on. The rfkill utility can be used to enable it:

$ rfkill list
0: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
2: hp-wifi: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
3: hp-bluetooth: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
4: hp-wwan: Wireless WAN
Soft blocked: yes
Hard blocked: no

Enable it with rfkill unblock 4

$ rfkill unblock 4
$ rfkill list
0: hci0: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
2: hp-wifi: Wireless LAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
3: hp-bluetooth: Bluetooth
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no
4: hp-wwan: Wireless WAN
Soft blocked: no
Hard blocked: no

Now click on the network manager icon in the top right bar of the screen and Activate mobile broadband and off you go!

Stefan Helander

Improving Firefox performance on ASUS EeePC 900

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I’ve noticed that a bottleneck in Firefox performance on the ASUS EeePC 900 is writing and reading to the disk cache. It is often I wait for something on a page and I notice that the hard disk light is on indicating read/write.

One way of drastically improving the performance is to move the cache to a ramdisk as the built in flash disk in the EeePC is not the quickest one on the block. This way you might also prolong the life of the flash disk as you decrease the number of read/writes to it. The only drawback with this is that you will loose the cache content between reboots, but I don’t think that is a problem. If you have extended your machine’s ram to 2 GB (se another post about that), you have memory to spend for this, but it will probably work on 1 GB machines too.

If you are running EasyPeasy (probably in other distros too) you already have a ramdisk. Check by starting a terminal and enter the df command. If you see "/dev/shm" you have a ramdisk. Otherwise, you first need to create one (Google might be your friend in this case).

  1. Start Firefox and in the URL-bar, type about:config and press enter. Click yes on the warning about this being very dangerous.
  2. Find the key browser.cache.disk.parent_directory and right click to select Modify. If the key is not present, you right click in the list, select New -> String and type browser.cache.disk.parent_directory
  3. As the value for the key, enter /dev/shm
  4. Pull down the Edit menu and click on Settings
  5. Click on Advanced and select the Network tab
  6. Select the Override automatic cache handling and limit the cache size to for example 100 MB (so the cache won’t eat all your ramdisk).
  7. Close all Firefox and restart it.

In my case, this drastically improved the Firefox performance. 

Stefan Helander

ASUS EeePC 900 2 GB memory upgrade

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The ASUS EeePC 900 is a dear friend of mine and has served me truly for a number of years. It is not my primary work horse, but on trips it is excellent with it’s small size and low weight (even on a 14 day trip I always travel with hand luggage only). It is also a comfort when travelling to know that I am not carrying an expensive piece of equipement. This little fellow has been my travel companion to many different countries – near and far away. So I really don’t want to retire it and recently I decided to "pimp it" a little. When running a couple of applications it quickly consumes the 1 GB of RAM, so a little bit more wouldn’t hurt.

It ships with 1 GB of RAM installed and it is possible to upgrade it to 2 GB. It is actually a question of replacement rather than expansion due to the fact that there are no free memory slots. The upgrade is performed by replacing the 1 GB SODIMM with a 2 GB SODIMM.  

For specifications of the ASUS Eee PC 900, see this wikipedia page.

The memory module needed is a DDR2-400 SODIMM but 533 and 667 MHz will also work. I used a Crucial 2GB DDR2 PC-5300 667 MHz CL5 SODIMM. Note that memory modules are sensitive to static discharge. Preferrably you should at least have a grounding wrist wrap or even better if you have access to an ESD secure work place. In reality most of us will just rely on the kitchen table and being careful not to touch any connectors or metal parts of the memory module. That will also work in most cases 🙂 

  1. Unplug the power cord and remove the battery. 
  2. The memory module is hidden behind a hatch on the bottom of the PC. The hatch is secured with two screws, one hidden behind a EeePC label (possibly acting as a warranty void seal). Remove the two screws and the hatch. 
  3. Remove the preinstalled 1 GB SODIMM by pulling locking plates on the sides a bit apart until they release the module.
  4. Insert the new 2 GB SODIMM and make sure it locks by pushing it gently down until the locking plates clicks into position.

  5. Reinstall the latch and the two screws.
  6. Install battery and connect power cord.
  7. Say your prayers, press the power button and hopefully your EeePC boots up so you can enjoy your brand new 2 GB of RAM!